Senmyō 44. Jingo Keiun 3 9th Month (769), Empress Shōtoku text tree
1. 天皇良我御命良麻止詔久 夫臣下等云物波 君仁随天 浄久貞仁明心乎以天 君乎助護 対天方 無礼岐面幣利無久 後仁波謗言無久 姦偽利 謟曲流心無之天 奉侍倍岐物仁在。
2. 然物乎 従五位下因幡国員外介輔治能真人清麻呂 其我姉 法均止 甚大尔悪久姦流妄語乎 作弖 朕仁対天 法均伊物奏利。
3. 此乎見流仁 面乃色 形 口尔云言 猶明尔 己何 作天云言乎 大神乃御命止 借天言止 所知奴。
4. 問求仁 朕所念之天在何如久 大神乃御命尔波不在止聞行定都。
5. 故是以 法乃麻尔麻退給止詔布御命乎 衆諸聞食止宣。
6. 復詔久 此事方人乃奏天在仁毛不在 唯言 其理尔不在 逆尔云利。
7. 面弊利毛無礼之天 己事乎納用与止念天在。
8. 是天地乃 逆止 云尔 此与利増波無。
9. 然此方 諸聖等 天神 地祇 現給比 悟給尔己曾在礼 誰可敢弖朕尔奏給牟。
10. 猶人方不奏天在等毛 心中悪久垢久濁天在人波 必天地現之示給都留物曾。
11. 是以 人人己何心乎明尔清久貞尔 謹天奉侍止詔布御命乎 衆諸聞食止宣。
12. 復此事乎知天 清麻呂等止相謀家牟人在止方所知天 在止毛 君波慈乎以弖天下乃政波行給物尔 伊麻世波奈毛慈備愍美給天免給布。
13. 然行事尔重在牟人乎波 法乃麻尔麻 収給牟物曾。
14. 如是状悟天 先尔清麻呂等止同心之天一二乃事毛 相謀家牟人等波 心改天明尔貞尔在心乎以天 奉侍止詔布御命乎 衆諸聞食止宣。
15. 復清麻呂等波 奉侍留奴止 所念天己曾 姓毛賜弖 治給天之可。
16. 今波穢奴止之弖 退給尔依奈毛 賜弊利之姓方 取弖 別部止成給弖 其我名波 穢麻呂止給比 法均我名毛 広虫売止還給止 詔布御命乎 衆諸聞食止宣。
17. 復明基波 広虫売止 身波二爾在止毛 心波一尔在止所知弖奈毛 其我名毛取給弖 同久退給等詔布御命乎 衆諸聞食止宣。
1. « { { [ sumyera (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ] { [ opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) rama (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } nori (verb stem say ) -tamapaku (verb nominal L031077a give) } { [ sore (noun ) ] [ { [ yatukwo (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) ipu (verb adnconc L030199a say) } mono (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ { { { [ kimi (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] sitagapite (verb gerund L030862a follow) } { [ { kiywo (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } { [ sadaka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { aka (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } kokoro (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } [ kimi (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] tasuke (verb stem L031017a help) -mamori (verb stem L031667a guard) -mukapite (verb gerund L031721a face i) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) } { { [ wiya (noun ) ] na (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } [ omop (verb stem L030399a think) -yeri (L000024 stative conclusive auxiliary [stative]) ] na (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } { [ usiro (noun ) ni (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ { sosiru (verb adnconc L030965a slander) } koto (noun ) ] na (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } { [ { kadami (verb stem ) -itupari (verb stem L030174a tell lies) -peturapi (verb stem L031576a flatter) -magar (verb stem L031614a endure) -eru (L000024 stative adnominal auxiliary [stative]) } kokoro (noun ) ] na (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) site (verb gerund L030919a do) } tukape (verb stem L031119a serve) -maturu (verb adnconc L031644a wait) be (L000801 extension [necessitive]) -ki (L000033 adnominal adjcop ) } mono (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) ari (verb infconc L030125a exist) } } . »
2. « { { sikaru (verb adnominal L030848a be so) monowo (L000516 [conjunctional particle]) } { { [ [ { piro (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } itu (L002005 numeral native five) -tu (noun ) no (noun ) kurawi (noun ) no (noun ) simo (noun ) tu (L000532 [genitive case particle]) sina (noun ) ] inaba (noun ) no (noun ) kuni (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) kazu (noun ) ywori (L000540 [ablative case particle]) poka (noun ) no (noun ) suke (noun ) pudino (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ma (noun ) pito (noun ) (L050489 真人) kiywo (noun ) maro (noun ) so (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ane (noun ) popu (noun ) kun (noun ) to (L000530 [complementizer]) ] [ { [ ito (noun ) ] { opo (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { asi (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } kadam (verb stem ) -yeru (L000024 stative adnominal auxiliary [stative]) } itupari (noun ) goto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] tukurite (verb gerund L031144a make) } { [ ware (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] mukapite (verb gerund L031721a face i) } [ popukun (noun ) i (L000505 [nominative case particle]) ] [ mono (noun ) ] mawos (verb stem L031678a speak [hum]) -eri (auxiliary conclusive stative L000024 [stative]) } } . »
3. « { { [ ko (L042029 noun proximal this) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] miru (verb adnominal L031712a see) ni (L031965infinitive copula) } [ omote (L050742 noun front) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) iro (noun ) katati (noun ) { [ kuti (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] ipu (verb adnconc L030199a say) } koto (noun ) ] { [ napo (noun ) ] { [ akiraka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } [ { [ ono (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ] { tukurite (verb gerund L031144a make) } ipu (verb adnconc L030199a say) } koto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] { [ opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -kamwi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } { karite (verb gerund borrow ) } ipu (verb adnconc L030199a say) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } sira (verb stem ) -si (L000009 respect infinitive auxiliary [respect]) -myesi (verb stem L031751a see [respect]) -nu (auxiliary perf conclusive ) } . »
4. « { { twopi (verb stem L031226a ask) -motomuru (verb adnominal L031767a seek) ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { { { [ { [ wa (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ] omoposite (verb gerund L030402a think [respect]) aru (verb adnominal L030125a exist) } ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ] goto (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } [ opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mi (noun ) kamwi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) ] ni ( ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ara (verb stem L030125a exist) -zu (L000006 neg infconc auxiliary ) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } kikosi (verb stem L030565a hear) -myesi (verb stem L031751a see [respect]) -sadame (verb stem L030812a decide) -tu (auxiliary perf conclusive ) } } . »
5. « { [ kare (adverb L004166 [conjunction]) ] { [ koko (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } { { [ { { [ nori (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ma (noun ) ni (noun ) ma (noun ) ] sirizoke (verb stem ) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } } . »
6. « { { [ mata (noun ) ] nori (verb stem say ) -tamapaku (verb nominal L031077a give) } { { [ ko (L042029 noun proximal this) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) koto (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { [ { [ pito (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] mawosite (verb gerund L031678a speak [hum]) aru (verb adnominal L030125a exist) } ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ara (verb stem L030125a exist) -zu (L000006 neg infconc auxiliary ) } } { [ tada (noun ) ] [ koto (noun ) ] { [ so (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) kotowari (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) ara (verb stem L030125a exist) -zu (L000006 neg infconc auxiliary ) } { [ sakasima (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } ip (verb stem L030199a say) -yeri (auxiliary stative conclusive ) } } } . »
7. « { [ omop (verb stem L030399a think) -yeri (L000024 stative conclusive auxiliary [stative]) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] { { { [ wiya (noun ) ] na (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) site (verb gerund L030919a do) } [ ono (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) koto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] ire (verb stem put in ) moti (verb stem L031761a hold) -wiyo (verb imperative ) (L031760a use) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } omopite (verb gerund L030399a think) ari (verb infconc L030125a exist) } } . »
8. « { [ kore (noun ) ] { [ { { [ ame (noun ) tuti (noun ) (L050719 heaven and earth) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sakasima (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } ipu (verb adnconc L030199a say) } ni (L031965infinitive copula) ] [ [ kore (noun ) yori (noun ) ] { masaru (verb adnconc L031630a excel) } pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] na (verb stem ) -si (adjcop conclusive L000033 ) } } . »
9. « { { sikareba (verb provisional L030848a be so) } [ ko (L042029 noun proximal this) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { [ { [ sho (noun ) shou (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) ama (noun ) tu (L000532 [genitive case particle]) kamwi (noun ) kuni (noun ) tu (L000532 [genitive case particle]) kamwi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] arapasi (verb stem L030120a make clear) -tamapi (L031077a stem verb give) -satosi (verb stem L030815a make) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) } ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) koso (L000510 [focus particle]) are (verb exclamatory ) } { { [ tare (noun ) ka (L000506 [focus particle]) ] apete (verb gerund endure ) } [ ware (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] mawosi (verb stem L031678a speak [hum]) -tamapa (L031077a stem verb give) -mu (auxiliary conjectural adnconc ) } } . »
10. « { [ napo (noun ) ] { { [ pito (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] mawosa (verb stem L031678a speak [hum]) -zute (L000006 neg gerund auxiliary ) aredomo (verb concessive exist ) } [ { [ kokoro (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) uti (noun ) ] { asi (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } { kitana (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } nigorite (verb gerund L031328a get dirty) aru (verb adnominal L030125a exist) } pito (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ { [ kanarazu (noun ) ] [ ame (noun ) tuti (noun ) (L050719 heaven and earth) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] arapasi (verb stem L030120a make clear) -simyesi (verb stem L030906a show) -tamapi (L031077a stem verb give) -turu (L000023 perf adnominal auxiliary [perfective]) } mono (noun ) so (noun ) ] } } . »
11. « { { [ koko (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } { { [ { { [ pito (noun ) bito (noun ) ] { [ ono (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) kokoro (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] { [ akiraka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { kiywo (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } [ sadaka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { tutusimite (verb gerund L031154a heed) } tukape (verb stem L031119a serve) -mature (verb imperative L031644a wait) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } } . »
12. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { { { [ { { [ ko (L042029 noun proximal this) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) koto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] sirite (verb gerund ) } [ kiywo (noun ) maro (noun ) -ra (L001003 suffix [pluralizer]) to (L000530 [complementizer]) ] api (L000025 reciprocal prefix [reciprocal]) -pakari (verb stem L031397a measure) -kye (stem ) -mu (L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural]) } pito (noun ) ] ari (verb infconc L030125a exist) to (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) sira (verb stem ) -si (L000009 respect infinitive auxiliary [respect]) -myesite (verb gerund L031751a see [respect]) aredomo (verb concessive exist ) } { [ kimi (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { [ utukusibwi (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } [ { [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) maturi (noun ) goto (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] okonapi (verb stem L030336a handle) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) } mono (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) imaseba (verb provisional L030208a abstain) namo (L000518 [focus particle]) } utukusibwi (verb stem L030269a get empty) -aparemi (verb stem L031712a see) -tamapite (verb gerund L031077a give) } yurusi (verb stem L031857a slacken) -tamapu (verb adnconc ) } } . »
13. « { { sikaredomo (verb concessive L030848a be so) } { [ { [ { [ si (noun ) waza (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] kasanari (verb stem L030455a increase i) -tara (L000022 stative stem [stative]) -mu (L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural]) } pito (noun ) woba (L000536 [accusative case particle]) ] [ nori (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ma (noun ) ni (noun ) ma (noun ) ] wosame (verb stem L031943a settle t) -tamapa (L031077a stem verb give) -mu (L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural]) } mono (noun ) so (noun ) ] } } . »
14. « { [ kaku (noun ) no (noun ) sama (noun ) ] { { [ { { { satorite (verb gerund ) } [ { { { [ saki (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } [ kiywo (noun ) maro (noun ) -ra (L001003 suffix [pluralizer]) to (L000530 [complementizer]) ] [ kokoro (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] oyazi (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) site (verb gerund L030919a do) } [ pito (L002001 numeral native one) -tu (L002015 counter counter for things) puta (L002002 numeral native two) -tu (L002015 counter counter for things) no (L031965adnominal copula) koto (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] api (L000025 reciprocal prefix [reciprocal]) -pakari (verb stem L031397a measure) -kye (stem ) -mu (L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural]) } pito (noun ) -domo (L001002 suffix [pluralizer]) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { { [ kokoro (noun ) ] aratamete (verb gerund L030118a improve t) } [ { { [ akiraka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { [ sadaka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) aru (verb adnominal L030125a exist) } } kokoro (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } tukape (verb stem L031119a serve) -mature (verb imperative L031644a wait) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } } . »
15. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { { [ { { { [ kiywo (noun ) maro (noun ) -ra (L001003 suffix [pluralizer]) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { { { { { [ { tukape (verb stem L031119a serve) -maturu (verb adnconc L031644a wait) } yatukwo (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } omoposite (verb gerund L030402a think [respect]) koso (L000510 [focus particle]) } [ kabane (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] tamapite (verb gerund L031077a give) } wosame (verb stem L031943a settle t) -tamapi (L031077a stem verb give) -te (auxiliary perf stem ) -si (auxiliary simplePast adnominal ) ka ( ) } [ ima (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ { { [ { kitana (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } yatukwo (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) site (verb gerund L030919a do) } sirizoke (verb stem ) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) } ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] yorite (verb gerund ) namo (L000518 [focus particle]) } { { [ { tamap (verb stem L031077a give) -yeri (L000024 stative stem auxiliary [stative]) -si (auxiliary adnominal simplePast L000015 [simple past]) } kabane (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] torite (verb gerund L031258a take) } { [ wake (noun ) bye (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } nasi (verb stem ) -tamapite (verb gerund L031077a give) } { { [ so (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) na (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ kitana (noun ) maro (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } tamapi (verb infinitive L031077a give) } } { { [ popukun (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) na (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] [ piro (noun ) musimye (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } kapyesi (verb stem L030515a turn) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) } to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } } . »
16. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { { [ { { { { { [ myaukwi (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { [ piro (noun ) musimye (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } [ mwi (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ puta (L002002 numeral native two) -tu (L002015 counter counter for things) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) aredomo (verb concessive exist ) } [ kokoro (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ pito (L002001 numeral native one) -tu (L002015 counter counter for things) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) ari (verb infconc L030125a exist) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } sira (verb stem ) -si (L000009 respect infinitive auxiliary [respect]) -myesite (verb gerund L031751a see [respect]) namo (L000518 [focus particle]) } { [ si (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) na (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] { tori (verb stem L031258a take) -tamapite (verb gerund L031077a give) } } { oyazi (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } sirizoke (verb stem ) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } } . »
English translation
by Millichip:
I proclaim, all of you hear the edict I proclaim as the words of the emperor: “A servant
is someone who obeys their lord, assists and protects their load with a clear, steadfast
and pure heart and serves his Lord never showing him disrespect, never insulting him
behind his back and never having feelings to deceive, lie, adulate or be crooked.
Despite this, Fujino-no-Mahito, extraordinary second rank official in Inaba of the
broad fifth rank lower grade, and his sister, Hōkun, created a most evil and deceptive
lie and Hōkun told it to me. Seeing this, I still knew that she was saying something
made-up—her expression and the things she said—as a message from a Great God. When
I asked he more I heard and decide that it was not an edict from the Great God, as
I had thought. So I lower her according to the law.”I proclaim, all of you hear the
edict that says: “What she said is not what others said and are only words, backward
and illogical. Her face showed no manners, and she thought to gain herself favor and
be employed. This is against heaven and earth and there is nothing worse than this
act. This is what all the Divine ones and gods of heaven and earth make appear and
tell me—who could possibly say this to me? Surely heaven has shown to me those who
are evil, dirty and tainted in their hearts, even if people do not say it. So, people,
be careful and serve making your heart clear pure and steadfast.”I proclaim, all of
you hear the edict that says: “Further, although I know that there are those who knew
of this lie and plotted with Kiyomaro and his sister but since Lords govern the world
with blessings, I bless and take pity on them and pardon them. However, I shall rule
according to law over those who make a habit of such behavior. Understand this and,
those who previously sympathized with Kiyomaro and his sister and planned one or two
things, rectify your hearts and serve with a clear and steadfast heart!”I proclaim,
all of you hear the edict that says: “Also, although I bestowed names on Kiyomaro
and his sister, thinking them servants who served me, now I lower them as dirty despicable
people and I remove the bestowed names and make them Wakabe and make his name Kitanamaro
and I return Hōkun’s name to Hiromushime.”I proclaim, all of you hear the edict that
says: “Further, although Myōki is a different person to Hiromushime her heart is the
same so I also remove her name and equally lower her.”