Senmyō 44. Jingo Keiun 3 9th Month (769), Empress Shōtoku text tree

1. 天皇良我御命良麻止 夫臣下云物明心助護 対天方 無礼幣利仁波謗言無 姦偽 謟曲心無之天 奉侍倍岐在。

2. 然物 従五位下因幡国員外介輔治能真人清麻呂 其姉 法均 甚大尔悪妄語 作 法均物奏

3. 此流仁色 形 口尔云言 猶明尔 己云言 大神御命 所知

4. 問求 朕所念之天 大神御命尔不在聞行定

5. 故是以 法麻尔麻退給御命 衆諸聞食宣。

6. 復詔 此事仁毛不在 唯言 其理尔不在 逆尔云

7. 面弊利毛無礼之天 己事納用与止在。

8. 是天地 云尔 此与利無。

9. 然此 諸聖等 天神 地祇 現給 悟給尔己曾朕尔奏給

10. 猶人不奏等毛 心中悪在人 必天地現示給都留

11. 是以 人人己明尔清貞尔 謹奉侍御命 衆諸聞食宣。

12. 復此事 清麻呂等相謀家牟人在止方所知止毛 君天下行給物尔 伊麻世波奈毛免給

13. 然行事尔重在乎波麻尔麻 収給

14. 如是状悟 先尔清麻呂等同心之天一二 相謀家牟人等 心改明尔貞尔在心 奉侍御命 衆諸聞食宣。

15. 復清麻呂等 奉侍 所念天己曾 治給天之可

16. 今穢奴止之弖 退給尔依奈毛 賜弊利之 別部成給 其 穢麻呂 法均 広虫売還給御命 衆諸聞食宣。

17.  復明基 広虫売止毛 心一尔在所知弖奈毛 其取給退給御命 衆諸聞食宣。

1. « { { [ sumyera (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ] { [ opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) rama (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } nori (verb stem say ) -tamapaku (verb nominal L031077a give) } { [ sore (noun ) ] [ { [ yatukwo (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) ipu (verb adnconc L030199a say) } mono (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ { { { [ kimi (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] sitagapite (verb gerund L030862a follow) } { [ { kiywo (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } { [ sadaka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { aka (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } kokoro (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } [ kimi (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] tasuke (verb stem L031017a help) -mamori (verb stem L031667a guard) -mukapite (verb gerund L031721a face i) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) } { { [ wiya (noun ) ] na (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } [ omop (verb stem L030399a think) -yeri (L000024 stative conclusive auxiliary [stative]) ] na (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } { [ usiro (noun ) ni (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ { sosiru (verb adnconc L030965a slander) } koto (noun ) ] na (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } { [ { kadami (verb stem ) -itupari (verb stem L030174a tell lies) -peturapi (verb stem L031576a flatter) -magar (verb stem L031614a endure) -eru (L000024 stative adnominal auxiliary [stative]) } kokoro (noun ) ] na (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) site (verb gerund L030919a do) } tukape (verb stem L031119a serve) -maturu (verb adnconc L031644a wait) be (L000801 extension [necessitive]) -ki (L000033 adnominal adjcop ) } mono (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) ari (verb infconc L030125a exist) } } . »

2. « { { sikaru (verb adnominal L030848a be so) monowo (L000516 [conjunctional particle]) } { { [ [ { piro (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } itu (L002005 numeral native five) -tu (noun ) no (noun ) kurawi (noun ) no (noun ) simo (noun ) tu (L000532 [genitive case particle]) sina (noun ) ] inaba (noun ) no (noun ) kuni (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) kazu (noun ) ywori (L000540 [ablative case particle]) poka (noun ) no (noun ) suke (noun ) pudino (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ma (noun ) pito (noun ) (L050489 真人) kiywo (noun ) maro (noun ) so (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ane (noun ) popu (noun ) kun (noun ) to (L000530 [complementizer]) ] [ { [ ito (noun ) ] { opo (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { asi (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } kadam (verb stem ) -yeru (L000024 stative adnominal auxiliary [stative]) } itupari (noun ) goto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] tukurite (verb gerund L031144a make) } { [ ware (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] mukapite (verb gerund L031721a face i) } [ popukun (noun ) i (L000505 [nominative case particle]) ] [ mono (noun ) ] mawos (verb stem L031678a speak [hum]) -eri (auxiliary conclusive stative L000024 [stative]) } } . »

3. « { { [ ko (L042029 noun proximal this) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] miru (verb adnominal L031712a see) ni (L031965infinitive copula) } [ omote (L050742 noun front) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) iro (noun ) katati (noun ) { [ kuti (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] ipu (verb adnconc L030199a say) } koto (noun ) ] { [ napo (noun ) ] { [ akiraka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } [ { [ ono (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ] { tukurite (verb gerund L031144a make) } ipu (verb adnconc L030199a say) } koto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] { [ opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -kamwi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } { karite (verb gerund borrow ) } ipu (verb adnconc L030199a say) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } sira (verb stem ) -si (L000009 respect infinitive auxiliary [respect]) -myesi (verb stem L031751a see [respect]) -nu (auxiliary perf conclusive ) } . »

4. « { { twopi (verb stem L031226a ask) -motomuru (verb adnominal L031767a seek) ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { { { [ { [ wa (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ] omoposite (verb gerund L030402a think [respect]) aru (verb adnominal L030125a exist) } ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ] goto (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } [ opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mi (noun ) kamwi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) ] ni ( ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ara (verb stem L030125a exist) -zu (L000006 neg infconc auxiliary ) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } kikosi (verb stem L030565a hear) -myesi (verb stem L031751a see [respect]) -sadame (verb stem L030812a decide) -tu (auxiliary perf conclusive ) } } . »

5. « { [ kare (adverb L004166 [conjunction]) ] { [ koko (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } { { [ { { [ nori (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ma (noun ) ni (noun ) ma (noun ) ] sirizoke (verb stem ) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } } . »

6. « { { [ mata (noun ) ] nori (verb stem say ) -tamapaku (verb nominal L031077a give) } { { [ ko (L042029 noun proximal this) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) koto (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { [ { [ pito (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] mawosite (verb gerund L031678a speak [hum]) aru (verb adnominal L030125a exist) } ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ara (verb stem L030125a exist) -zu (L000006 neg infconc auxiliary ) } } { [ tada (noun ) ] [ koto (noun ) ] { [ so (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) kotowari (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) ara (verb stem L030125a exist) -zu (L000006 neg infconc auxiliary ) } { [ sakasima (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } ip (verb stem L030199a say) -yeri (auxiliary stative conclusive ) } } } . »

7. « { [ omop (verb stem L030399a think) -yeri (L000024 stative conclusive auxiliary [stative]) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] { { { [ wiya (noun ) ] na (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) site (verb gerund L030919a do) } [ ono (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) koto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] ire (verb stem put in ) moti (verb stem L031761a hold) -wiyo (verb imperative ) (L031760a use) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } omopite (verb gerund L030399a think) ari (verb infconc L030125a exist) } } . »

8. « { [ kore (noun ) ] { [ { { [ ame (noun ) tuti (noun ) (L050719 heaven and earth) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sakasima (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } ipu (verb adnconc L030199a say) } ni (L031965infinitive copula) ] [ [ kore (noun ) yori (noun ) ] { masaru (verb adnconc L031630a excel) } pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] na (verb stem ) -si (adjcop conclusive L000033 ) } } . »

9. « { { sikareba (verb provisional L030848a be so) } [ ko (L042029 noun proximal this) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { [ { [ sho (noun ) shou (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) ama (noun ) tu (L000532 [genitive case particle]) kamwi (noun ) kuni (noun ) tu (L000532 [genitive case particle]) kamwi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] arapasi (verb stem L030120a make clear) -tamapi (L031077a stem verb give) -satosi (verb stem L030815a make) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) } ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) koso (L000510 [focus particle]) are (verb exclamatory ) } { { [ tare (noun ) ka (L000506 [focus particle]) ] apete (verb gerund endure ) } [ ware (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] mawosi (verb stem L031678a speak [hum]) -tamapa (L031077a stem verb give) -mu (auxiliary conjectural adnconc ) } } . »

10. « { [ napo (noun ) ] { { [ pito (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] mawosa (verb stem L031678a speak [hum]) -zute (L000006 neg gerund auxiliary ) aredomo (verb concessive exist ) } [ { [ kokoro (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) uti (noun ) ] { asi (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } { kitana (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } nigorite (verb gerund L031328a get dirty) aru (verb adnominal L030125a exist) } pito (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ { [ kanarazu (noun ) ] [ ame (noun ) tuti (noun ) (L050719 heaven and earth) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] arapasi (verb stem L030120a make clear) -simyesi (verb stem L030906a show) -tamapi (L031077a stem verb give) -turu (L000023 perf adnominal auxiliary [perfective]) } mono (noun ) so (noun ) ] } } . »

11. « { { [ koko (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } { { [ { { [ pito (noun ) bito (noun ) ] { [ ono (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) kokoro (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] { [ akiraka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { kiywo (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } [ sadaka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { tutusimite (verb gerund L031154a heed) } tukape (verb stem L031119a serve) -mature (verb imperative L031644a wait) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } } . »

12. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { { { [ { { [ ko (L042029 noun proximal this) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) koto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] sirite (verb gerund ) } [ kiywo (noun ) maro (noun ) -ra (L001003 suffix [pluralizer]) to (L000530 [complementizer]) ] api (L000025 reciprocal prefix [reciprocal]) -pakari (verb stem L031397a measure) -kye (stem ) -mu (L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural]) } pito (noun ) ] ari (verb infconc L030125a exist) to (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) sira (verb stem ) -si (L000009 respect infinitive auxiliary [respect]) -myesite (verb gerund L031751a see [respect]) aredomo (verb concessive exist ) } { [ kimi (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { [ utukusibwi (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } [ { [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) maturi (noun ) goto (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] okonapi (verb stem L030336a handle) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) } mono (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) imaseba (verb provisional L030208a abstain) namo (L000518 [focus particle]) } utukusibwi (verb stem L030269a get empty) -aparemi (verb stem L031712a see) -tamapite (verb gerund L031077a give) } yurusi (verb stem L031857a slacken) -tamapu (verb adnconc ) } } . »

13. « { { sikaredomo (verb concessive L030848a be so) } { [ { [ { [ si (noun ) waza (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] kasanari (verb stem L030455a increase i) -tara (L000022 stative stem [stative]) -mu (L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural]) } pito (noun ) woba (L000536 [accusative case particle]) ] [ nori (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ma (noun ) ni (noun ) ma (noun ) ] wosame (verb stem L031943a settle t) -tamapa (L031077a stem verb give) -mu (L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural]) } mono (noun ) so (noun ) ] } } . »

14. « { [ kaku (noun ) no (noun ) sama (noun ) ] { { [ { { { satorite (verb gerund ) } [ { { { [ saki (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } [ kiywo (noun ) maro (noun ) -ra (L001003 suffix [pluralizer]) to (L000530 [complementizer]) ] [ kokoro (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] oyazi (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) site (verb gerund L030919a do) } [ pito (L002001 numeral native one) -tu (L002015 counter counter for things) puta (L002002 numeral native two) -tu (L002015 counter counter for things) no (L031965adnominal copula) koto (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] api (L000025 reciprocal prefix [reciprocal]) -pakari (verb stem L031397a measure) -kye (stem ) -mu (L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural]) } pito (noun ) -domo (L001002 suffix [pluralizer]) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { { [ kokoro (noun ) ] aratamete (verb gerund L030118a improve t) } [ { { [ akiraka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { [ sadaka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) aru (verb adnominal L030125a exist) } } kokoro (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } tukape (verb stem L031119a serve) -mature (verb imperative L031644a wait) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } } . »

15. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { { [ { { { [ kiywo (noun ) maro (noun ) -ra (L001003 suffix [pluralizer]) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { { { { { [ { tukape (verb stem L031119a serve) -maturu (verb adnconc L031644a wait) } yatukwo (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } omoposite (verb gerund L030402a think [respect]) koso (L000510 [focus particle]) } [ kabane (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] tamapite (verb gerund L031077a give) } wosame (verb stem L031943a settle t) -tamapi (L031077a stem verb give) -te (auxiliary perf stem ) -si (auxiliary simplePast adnominal ) ka ( ) } [ ima (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ { { [ { kitana (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } yatukwo (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) site (verb gerund L030919a do) } sirizoke (verb stem ) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) } ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] yorite (verb gerund ) namo (L000518 [focus particle]) } { { [ { tamap (verb stem L031077a give) -yeri (L000024 stative stem auxiliary [stative]) -si (auxiliary adnominal simplePast L000015 [simple past]) } kabane (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] torite (verb gerund L031258a take) } { [ wake (noun ) bye (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } nasi (verb stem ) -tamapite (verb gerund L031077a give) } { { [ so (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) na (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ kitana (noun ) maro (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } tamapi (verb infinitive L031077a give) } } { { [ popukun (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) na (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] [ piro (noun ) musimye (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } kapyesi (verb stem L030515a turn) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) } to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } } . »

16. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { { [ { { { { { [ myaukwi (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { [ piro (noun ) musimye (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } [ mwi (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ puta (L002002 numeral native two) -tu (L002015 counter counter for things) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) aredomo (verb concessive exist ) } [ kokoro (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ pito (L002001 numeral native one) -tu (L002015 counter counter for things) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) ari (verb infconc L030125a exist) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } sira (verb stem ) -si (L000009 respect infinitive auxiliary [respect]) -myesite (verb gerund L031751a see [respect]) namo (L000518 [focus particle]) } { [ si (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) na (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] { tori (verb stem L031258a take) -tamapite (verb gerund L031077a give) } } { oyazi (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } sirizoke (verb stem ) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } } . »

 

English translation by Millichip:
I proclaim, all of you hear the edict I proclaim as the words of the emperor: “A servant is someone who obeys their lord, assists and protects their load with a clear, steadfast and pure heart and serves his Lord never showing him disrespect, never insulting him behind his back and never having feelings to deceive, lie, adulate or be crooked. Despite this, Fujino-no-Mahito, extraordinary second rank official in Inaba of the broad fifth rank lower grade, and his sister, Hōkun, created a most evil and deceptive lie and Hōkun told it to me. Seeing this, I still knew that she was saying something made-up—her expression and the things she said—as a message from a Great God. When I asked he more I heard and decide that it was not an edict from the Great God, as I had thought. So I lower her according to the law.”I proclaim, all of you hear the edict that says: “What she said is not what others said and are only words, backward and illogical. Her face showed no manners, and she thought to gain herself favor and be employed. This is against heaven and earth and there is nothing worse than this act. This is what all the Divine ones and gods of heaven and earth make appear and tell me—who could possibly say this to me? Surely heaven has shown to me those who are evil, dirty and tainted in their hearts, even if people do not say it. So, people, be careful and serve making your heart clear pure and steadfast.”I proclaim, all of you hear the edict that says: “Further, although I know that there are those who knew of this lie and plotted with Kiyomaro and his sister but since Lords govern the world with blessings, I bless and take pity on them and pardon them. However, I shall rule according to law over those who make a habit of such behavior. Understand this and, those who previously sympathized with Kiyomaro and his sister and planned one or two things, rectify your hearts and serve with a clear and steadfast heart!”I proclaim, all of you hear the edict that says: “Also, although I bestowed names on Kiyomaro and his sister, thinking them servants who served me, now I lower them as dirty despicable people and I remove the bestowed names and make them Wakabe and make his name Kitanamaro and I return Hōkun’s name to Hiromushime.”I proclaim, all of you hear the edict that says: “Further, although Myōki is a different person to Hiromushime her heart is the same so I also remove her name and equally lower her.”