Senmyō 48. Hōki 1 10th Month (770), Emperor Kōnin text tree

1. 天皇詔旨勅命 親王諸王諸臣百官人等 天下公民 衆聞食宣。

2. 掛奈良宮御宇倭根子天皇去八月此食国天下之業拙劣朕被賜而仕奉負賜授賜伎止勅天皇詔旨受被賜恐受被賜懼進不知退不知久止勅命 衆聞宣。

3. 然此天日嗣高御座之業者天坐神地坐祇相宇豆奈比奉相扶奉事弖志此座者平安御坐天下者所知物良之止奈母所念行

4. 又皇坐而天下治賜君者賢臣能人得而天下乎波平安治物良志止奈母聞看行

5. 故是以大命坐勅朕雖拙弱親王始而王臣等相穴奈比奉相扶奉依而此之負賜授賜食国天下之政者平安仕奉倍之止奈母所念行

6. 故是以衆浄明心正直言以而食国政奏天下公民恵治倍之止奈母所念行湏止勅天皇命衆聞宣。

7. 辞別詔今年八月五日肥後国葦北郡人日奉部広主売献白亀。

8. 又同月十七日同国益城郡人山稲主献白亀。

9. 此則並合大瑞。

10. 故天地貺大瑞者受被賜歓受被賜可貴物在。

11. 是以改神護景雲四年為宝亀元年。

12. 又仕奉人等中仕奉状随一二人等冠位上賜治賜

13. 又大赦天下。

14. 又天下六位已下有位人等給位一階。

15. 大神宮始諸社之祢宜等給位一階。

16. 又僧綱始諸寺師位僧尼等御物布施賜

17. 又高年人等養賜。

18. 又困乏人等恵賜

19. 又孝義有人等其事免賜。

20. 又今年天下田租免賜久止宣天皇勅衆聞宣。

1. « { { [ { { [ sumyera (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ] [ opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) rama (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ mi (prefix ) -kwo (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -kimi (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) omi (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) tukasa (noun ) dukasa (noun ) no (noun ) pito (noun ) -domo (L001002 suffix [pluralizer]) ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mi (noun ) takara (noun ) moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } . »

2. « { { [ { { [ { { { { [ { { [ { { [ { kake (verb stem ) -maku (auxiliary conjectural nominal ) } mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] kasikwo (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } [ nara (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) miya (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) ] sira (verb stem ) -si (L000009 respect infinitive auxiliary [respect]) -myesi (verb stem L031751a see [respect]) -si (auxiliary adnominal simplePast L000015 [simple past]) } yamato (noun ) ne (noun ) kwo (noun ) sumyera (noun ) mikoto (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] { [ ini (verb stem L030186a depart) -si (auxiliary adnominal simplePast L000015 [simple past]) pa (noun ) dukwi (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } [ ko (this noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) wosu (noun ) kuni (noun ) ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) waza (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] { [ { { tutana (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } wodina (adjective L007212b ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } ware (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] tamaparite (verb gerund L031076a receive [hum]) } { tukape (verb stem L031119a serve) -mature (verb imperative L031644a wait) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } { opose (verb stem L030379a make bear) -tamapi (L031077a infinitive verb give) } saduke (verb stem L030814a throw) -tamapi (L031077a stem verb give) -ki (auxiliary conclusive simplePast L000015 [simple past]) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } sumyera (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ itadaki (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] uke (verb stem ) -tamapari (verb infinitive L031076a receive [hum]) } kasikwomi (verb infinitive L031712a see) } uke (verb stem ) -tamapari (verb stem L031076a receive [hum]) -odi (verb infinitive L030357a fear) } { [ susumi (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] sira (verb stem ) -ni (infinitive auxiliary neg L000006 ) } { [ sirizoki (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] sira (verb stem ) -ni (infinitive auxiliary neg L000006 ) } kasikwomi (verb stem L031712a see) -masaku (verb nominal ) } ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } . »

3. « { { sikaru (verb adnominal L030848a be so) ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { { [ ko (this noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ama (noun ) tu (L000532 [genitive case particle]) pi (noun ) tugi (noun ) taka (noun ) mi (noun ) kura (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) waza (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ { { { [ { [ [ { [ ame (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] masu (verb adnconc L030206a be) } kamwi (noun ) ] [ { [ kuni (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] masu (verb adnconc L030206a be) } kamwi (noun ) ] no (L031965adninf copula) ] { api (L000025 reciprocal prefix [reciprocal]) -udu (verb stem ) -napi (verb stem L031296a wither) -maturi (L031649a infinitive verb serve) } api (L000025 reciprocal prefix [reciprocal]) -tasuke (verb stem L031017a help) -maturu (verb adnconc L031644a wait) } koto (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] yorite (verb gerund ) si (L000526a [restrictive particle]) } [ ko (this noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) kurawi (noun ) ni (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { tapirake (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } { yasurake (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -masi (verb stem ) -masite (verb gerund ) } [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] sira (verb stem ) -si (L000009 respect infinitive auxiliary [respect]) -myesu (verb adnconc L031751a see [respect]) } mono (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) aru (verb adnominal L030125a exist) rasi (L000806 conclusive extension [presumptive]) to (noun ) namo ( ) } omoposi (verb stem L030402a think [respect]) -myesu (verb adnconc L031751a see [respect]) } } . »

4. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { { [ { { { [ sumyera (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } imasite (verb gerund L030208a abstain) } [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) ] wosame (verb stem L031943a settle t) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) } kimi (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] [ { { [ { [ { sakasi (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } omi (noun ) ] no (L031965adninf copula) } { yo (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } pito (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] e (verb stem L030228a obtain) -te (L000023 perf stem auxiliary [perfective]) -si (auxiliary adnominal simplePast L000015 [simple past]) } [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) woba (L000536 [accusative case particle]) ] { tapirake (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } { yasurake (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } wosamuru (verb adnominal L031943a settle t) } mono (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) aru (verb adnominal L030125a exist) rasi (L000806 conclusive extension [presumptive]) to (noun ) namo (L000518 [focus particle]) } kikosi (verb stem L030565a hear) -myesu (verb adnconc L031751a see [respect]) } } . »

5. « { { [ kare (adverb L004166 [conjunction]) ] { [ koko (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } { [ opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) imase (verb infinitive L030207a cause to be) } nori (verb stem say ) -tamapaku (verb nominal L031077a give) } [ ware (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { { { { tutana (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } { wodina (adjective L007212b ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } aredomo (verb concessive exist ) } { [ { { [ mi (prefix ) -kwo (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] pazimete (verb gerund L031416a begin t) } [ opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -kimi (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) omi (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] { api (L000025 reciprocal prefix [reciprocal]) -ananapi (verb stem L031296a wither) -maturi (L031649a infinitive verb serve) } api (L000025 reciprocal prefix [reciprocal]) -tasuke (verb stem L031017a help) -matura (verb stem L031644a wait) -mu (L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural]) } koto (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] yorite (verb gerund ) si (L000526a [restrictive particle]) } [ [ ko (this noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] { { opose (verb stem L030379a make bear) -tamapi (L031077a infinitive verb give) } saduke (verb stem L030814a throw) -tamapu (L031077a adnconc verb give) } wosu (noun ) kuni (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) maturi (noun ) goto (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { tapirake (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } { yasurake (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } tukape (verb stem L031119a serve) -maturu (verb adnconc L031644a wait) be (L000801 extension [necessitive]) -si (L000033 conclusive adjcop ) to ( ) namo (L000518 [focus particle]) } omoposi (verb stem L030402a think [respect]) -myesu (verb adnconc L031751a see [respect]) } } . »

6. « { [ kare (adverb L004166 [conjunction]) ] { [ koko (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } { { [ { { { [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] { [ { { kiywo (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } aka (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } kokoro (noun ) ] [ { { tadasi (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } napo (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } koto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } { [ wosu (noun ) kuni (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) maturi (noun ) goto (noun ) ] mawosi (verb stem L031678a speak [hum]) -tamapi (L031077a infinitive verb give) } [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mi (noun ) takara (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] utukusibwi (verb stem L030269a get empty) -wosamu (verb adnconc L031943a settle t) be (L000801 extension [necessitive]) -si (L000033 conclusive adjcop ) to (noun ) namo (L000518 [focus particle]) } omoposi (verb stem L030402a think [respect]) -myesu (verb adnconc L031751a see [respect]) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } sumyera (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } } . »

7. « { { { koto (noun ) -wakite (verb gerund ) } nori (verb stem say ) -tamapaku (verb nominal L031077a give) } { [ kotosi (L050690 noun this year) no (noun ) pa (noun ) dukwi (noun ) no (noun ) itu (L002005 numeral native five) -ka (noun ) no (noun ) pi (noun ) ] [ pi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) miti (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) siri (noun ) no (noun ) kuni (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) asi (noun ) kita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) kopori (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) pito (noun ) pi (noun ) maturi (noun ) bye (noun ) no (noun ) piro (noun ) nusimye (noun ) ] [ { sirwo (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } kame (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] tatematuri (verb stem L031049a offer) -ki (auxiliary conclusive simplePast ) } } . »

8. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { [ [ oyazi (adjective stem ) tukwi (noun ) no (noun ) ] towo (L002010 numeral native ten) -ka (L002017 counter counter for days) amari (noun ) nanu (L002007 numeral native seven) -ka (L002017 counter counter for days) no (noun ) pi (noun ) ] [ [ oyazi (adjective stem ) kuni (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] masi (noun ) kwi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) kopori (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) pito (noun ) yama (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ina (noun ) nusi (noun ) ] [ { sirwo (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } kame (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] tatematuri (verb stem L031049a offer) -ki (auxiliary simplePast conclusive ) } } . »

9. « { [ ko (this noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { [ sunapati (noun ) narabi (noun ) ni (L031965infinitive copula) ] { [ daizuwi (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } kanap (verb stem L030502a be appropriate) -yeri (auxiliary stative conclusive ) } } . »

10. « { [ kare (adverb L004166 [conjunction]) ] [ [ { [ ame (noun ) tuti (noun ) (L050719 heaven and earth) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] tamap (verb stem L031077a give) -yeru (L000024 stative adnominal auxiliary [stative]) } { opo (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } sirusi (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] ] { [ { { { uke (verb stem ) -tamapari (verb infinitive L031076a receive [hum]) } yorokobwi (verb stem L031890a rejoice) -uke (verb stem ) -tamapari (verb infinitive L031076a receive [hum]) } taputwobu (verb adnconc L031069a withstand) be (L000801 extension [necessitive]) -ki (L000033 adnominal adjcop ) } mono (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) ari (verb infconc L030125a exist) } } . »

11. « { { [ koko (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (verb gerund L031761a hold) } { { [ zingo (noun ) keiun (noun ) no (noun ) yo (noun ) tose (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] { aratamete (verb gerund L030118a improve t) } [ pouki (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) pazime (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) tosi (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } su (verb adnconc L030919a do) } } . »

12. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { { { [ { tukape (verb stem L031119a serve) -maturu (verb adnconc L031644a wait) } pito (noun ) -domo (L001002 suffix [pluralizer]) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) naka (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) si ( ) ka ( ) } { [ { tukape (verb stem L031119a serve) -maturu (verb adnconc L031644a wait) } sama (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] sitagapite (verb gerund L030862a follow) } [ pito (L002001 numeral native one) -ri (L002016 counter counter for people) puta (L002002 numeral native two) -ri (noun ) -domo (L001002 suffix [pluralizer]) ] [ kagapuri (noun ) kurawi (noun ) ] age (verb stem L030023a give) -tamapi (L031077a infinitive verb give) } wosame (verb stem L031943a settle t) -tamapu (verb adnconc ) } } . »

13. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) ] { piro (adjective ) -ku (L000033 infinitive adjcop ) } [ tumi (noun ) ] yurusi (verb stem L031857a slacken) -tamapu (verb adnconc ) } } . »

14. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { [ { [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) mu (L002006 numeral native six) -tu (noun ) no (noun ) kurawi (noun ) ywori (L000540 [ablative case particle]) simo (noun ) tu (L000532 [genitive case particle]) kata (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) kurawi (noun ) ] aru (verb adnominal L030125a exist) } pito (noun ) -domo (L001002 suffix [pluralizer]) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] [ kurawi (noun ) pito (noun ) sina (noun ) ] tamapu (verb adnconc ) } } . »

15. « { { [ opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mi (noun ) kamwi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) miya (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] pazimete (verb gerund L031416a begin t) } [ yasiro (noun ) yasiro (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) negwi (noun ) -domo (L001002 suffix [pluralizer]) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] [ kurawi (noun ) pito (noun ) sina (noun ) ] tamapu (verb adnconc ) } . »

16. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { { [ popusi (noun ) no (noun ) tukasa (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] pazimete (verb gerund L031416a begin t) } [ tera (noun ) dera (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) si (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) kurawi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) popu (noun ) si (noun ) ama (noun ) -domo (L001002 suffix [pluralizer]) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] [ opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mi (noun ) mono (noun ) ] podokosi (verb stem L031588a donate) -tamapu (verb adnconc ) } } . »

17. « [ mata (noun ) ] { [ { [ tosi (noun ) ] taka (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } pito (noun ) -domo (L001002 suffix [pluralizer]) ] yasinapi (verb stem L031798a rear) -tamapu (verb adnconc ) } . »

18. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { [ { madusi (adjective ) -ki (adjcop adnominal L000033 ) } pito (noun ) -domo (L001002 suffix [pluralizer]) ] utukusibwi (verb stem L030269a get empty) -tamapu (verb adnconc ) } } . »

19. « [ mata (noun ) ] { [ { [ keugi (noun ) ] aru (verb adnominal L030125a exist) } pito (noun ) -domo (L001002 suffix [pluralizer]) ] [ so (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) koto (noun ) ] yurusi (verb stem L031857a slacken) -tamapu (verb adnconc ) } . »

20. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { { [ { { [ { [ kotosi (L050690 noun this year) ] [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) tadikara (noun ) ] yurusi (verb stem L031857a slacken) -tamapaku (L031077a nominal verb give) } ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } sumyera (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) opo (L000038 hon prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ moro (noun ) moro (noun ) ] kiki (verb stem L030565a hear) -tamapeyo (verb imperative L031077a give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (verb adnconc L032093a proclaim) } } . »

 

English translation by Millichip:
I proclaim, imperial children, lords, statesmen, officials and people of the world, all of you hear the imperial edict that I proclaim as the words of the Emperor.I proclaim, all of you hear the edict that says: “I humbly receive—I receive in fear—the edict of the emperor, the Yamato ruler, too awesome to mention, who ruled the realm from the palace at Nara, in which the Emperor, the last 8th month, commanded me to serve and bestowed this throne of the realm I rule to me, I who am of poor ability and lacking, and I and in fear and awe, not knowing what to do.”I proclaim, all of you hear the imperial edict that says: “Thus, I think that this heavenly high throne is something in which you rule the realm and are calm and peaceful in the throne only by the gods of heaven and earth thinking it good and assisting together the realm. Also, I hear that the Lord who rules the realm as emperor rules the realm peacefully and calmly only by having wise and good statesmen. So, I proclaim in an edict: ‘Though I am unskilled and lacking, I shall govern peacefully and calmly over my realm, which is burdened on and entrusted to me, only by the imperial children, lords and statesmen each advising and serving. So, I shall make the people of the realm beautiful by everyone humbly telling me the governance of my land with a pure and clear heart and correct and proper words.’”I proclaim, all of you hear the imperial edict that also says: “On the fifth day of the eighth month of this year Himatsuribe-no-Hironushime, a person of the hamlet of Ashikita in Hinomichi-no-Shiri province offered up a white turtle. On the seventeenth of the same month Yama-no-Inanushi, a person of the hamlet of Mashiki of the same province offered up a white turtle. This are, therefore, together a great sign. So, I humbly receive joyously these great signs bestowed by heaven and earth and they should be revered. So I change the eight year of Jingo-Keiun to the first year of Hōki. Further, I raise the cap and rank of one or two among those who serve me based on their service. Also, I pardon all crimes of the realm. Next, I raise the rank by one of those in the realm who are lower than the sixth rank. I raise the rank by one of the Negi of the shrines, starting with the palace of the Gods. Next, I bestow gifts far-and-wide to the priests and nuns in the temples of the rank of Shi, starting with the priest officials. I nurture the elderly. I make the poor beautiful. I pardon those who are pious. I pardon the realm of its field tax this year.”