SM.59

Senmyō 59. Ten'ō 1 4th Month (781), Emperor Kōnin text tree

1. 天皇我御命良麻等詔大命乎親王等王等臣等百官乃人等天下公民衆聞食止宣。

2. 朕以寡薄宝位乎受賜弖年久重奴。

3. 而尔嘉政　頻闕弖天下不得治成。

4. 加以元来風病尔苦都身体不安。

5. 復年毛弥高成尔弖餘命不幾。

6. 今所念久此位波避天暫間毛御体欲養止奈毛所念湏。

7. 故是以皇太子止定賜留山部親王尔天下政波授賜布。

8. 古人有言知子者親止云止奈毛聞食。

9. 此王波弱時余利朝夕止朕尔従天至今麻天怠事無久仕奉乎見波仁孝厚王尔在止奈毛神奈我良所知食。

10. 其仁孝者百行之基奈利。

11. 曾毛曾毛百足之虫乃至死不顛事波輔乎多美止奈毛聞食。

12. 衆諸如此乃状悟弖清直心乎毛知此王乎輔導天天下百姓乎可令撫育止宣。

13. 又詔久如此時尔当都々人々不好謀乎懐弖天下乎毛乱己我氏門乎毛滅人等麻祢久在。

14. 若如此有牟人乎婆己我教化訓直弖各々己我祖乃門不滅弥高尔仕奉将継止思慎天清直伎心乎持弖仕奉倍之止奈毛所念湏。

15. 天高止毛聴卑物曾止詔天皇我御命乎衆諸聞食止宣。

1. « { { { [ { [ sumyera_{(noun )} ga_{(L000503 [genitive case particle])} ] { [ opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mikoto_{(noun )}rama_{(noun )} ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mikoto_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] [ mi_{(prefix )}-kwo_{(noun )}-tati_{(L001004 suffix [pluralizer])} opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-kimi_{(noun )}-tati_{(L001004 suffix [pluralizer])} omi_{(noun )}-tati_{(L001004 suffix [pluralizer])} tukasa_{(noun )}dukasa_{(noun )} no_{(L031965adnominal copula)} pito_{(noun )}-domo_{(L001002 suffix [pluralizer])} ame_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} sita_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mi_{(noun )}takara_{(noun )} moro_{(noun )}moro_{(noun )} ] kiki_{(verb stem L030565a hear)}-tamapeyo_{(verb imperative L031077a give)} to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } } . »

2. « { { { [ ware_{(noun )} ] { tutana_{(adjective )}-ku_{(L000033 infinitive adjcop )} } { wodina_{(adjective L007212b )}-ku_{(L000033 infinitive adjcop )} site_{(verb gerund L030919a do)} } [ ama_{(noun )} tu_{(L000532 [genitive case particle])} pi_{(noun )}tugi_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] uke_{(verb stem receive )}-tamaparite_{(verb gerund L031076a receive [hum])} } [ tosi_{(noun )} ] { pisasi_{(adjective )}-ku_{(L000033 infinitive adjcop )} } kasanari_{(verb stem L030455a increase i)}-nu_{(auxiliary perf conclusive )} } } . »

3. « { { sikaru_{(verb adnominal L030848a be so)} ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} } { { { [ { yo_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } maturi_{(noun )}goto_{(noun )} ] [ siki_{(noun )} ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} ] kakete_{(verb gerund )} } [ ame_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} sita_{(noun )} ] e_{(L000027 potential prefix [potential])}-wosame_{(verb stem L031943a settle t)}-zu_{(L000006 neg infconc auxiliary )} } nari_{(verb stem )}-nu_{(auxiliary perf conclusive )} } } . »

4. « { { [ sika_{(noun )} nomwi_{(L000521 [restrictive])} ] ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} ara_{(verb stem L030125a exist)}-zu_{(L000006 neg infconc auxiliary )} } { [ moto_{(noun )} ywori_{(L000540 [ablative case particle])} ] { { [ kaze_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} yamapi_{(noun )} ] ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} } kurusimitutu_{(verb continuative L030669a suffer i)} } [ opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mi_{(noun )}mwi_{(noun )} ] yasu_{(adjective )}-kara_{(L000032stem )}-zu_{(L000006 neg infconc auxiliary )} } } . »

5. « { [ mata_{(noun )} ] { { [ tosi_{(noun )} mo_{(L000514 [topic particle])} ] { { [ iya_{(noun )} ] taka_{(adjective )}-ku_{(L000033 infinitive adjcop )} } nari_{(verb stem )}-nite_{(L000018 perf gerund auxiliary [perfective])} } } [ nokori_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} inoti_{(noun )} ] [ ikubaku_{(noun )} mo_{(L000514 [topic particle])} ] ara_{(verb stem L030125a exist)}-zu_{(auxiliary neg infconc )} } } . »

6. « { { [ ima_{(noun )} ] omoposaku_{(verb nominal L030402a think [respect])} } { { { [ ko_{(this noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} kurawi_{(noun )} pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] sarite_{(verb gerund )} } [ simaraku_{(noun )} no_{(noun )} ma_{(noun )} mo_{(L000514 [topic particle])} ] [ opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mi_{(noun )}mwi_{(noun )} ] yasinapa_{(verb stem L031798a rear)}-mu_{(L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural])} to_{(noun )} namo_{(L000518 [focus particle])} } omoposu_{(verb adnconc L030402a think [respect])} } } . »

7. « { [ kare_{(adverb L004166 [conjunction])} ] { [ koko_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] motite_{(verb gerund L031761a hold)} } { [ { { [ pi_{(noun )}tugi_{(noun )} no_{(noun )} mi_{(prefix )}-kwo_{(noun )} ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } sadame_{(verb stem L030812a decide)}-tamap_{(L031077a stem verb give)}-yeru_{(L000024 stative adnominal auxiliary [stative])} } yamapye_{(L050438 noun mountain area)} no_{(noun )} mi_{(prefix )}-kwo_{(noun )} ni_{(L000519 [dative case particle])} ] [ ame_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} sita_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} maturi_{(noun )}goto_{(noun )} pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] saduke_{(verb stem L030814a throw)}-tamapu_{(verb adnconc )} } } . »

8. « { { [ { [ inisipe_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} pito_{(noun )} ni_{(L000519 [dative case particle])} ] ip_{(verb stem L030199a say)}-yeru_{(L000024 stative adnominal auxiliary [stative])} } koto_{(noun )} ] ari_{(verb infconc L030125a exist)} } { { { [ { [ kwo_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] siru_{(verb adnconc )} } pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] [ oya_{(noun )} ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } ip_{(verb stem L030199a say)}-yeri_{(L000024 stative conclusive auxiliary [stative])} to_{(noun )} namo_{(L000518 [focus particle])} } kikosi_{(verb stem L030565a hear)}-myesu_{(verb adnconc L031751a see [respect])} } } . »

9. « { { [ ko_{(this noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-kimi_{(noun )}_{(L050267 great monarch)} pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] { [ { { { [ { waka_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } toki_{(noun )} yori_{(noun )} ] [ asita_{(noun )}yupubye_{(noun )} ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } [ ware_{(noun )} ni_{(L000519 [dative case particle])} ] sitagapite_{(verb gerund L030862a follow)} } { [ ima_{(noun )} ni_{(L000519 [dative case particle])} ] itaru_{(verb adnconc L030170a arrive)} made_{(L000512 [restrictive particle])} } { [ { okotaru_{(verb adnconc L030327a (dew) settles)} } koto_{(noun )} ] na_{(adjective )}-ku_{(L000033 infinitive adjcop )} } tukape_{(verb stem L031119a serve)}-maturu_{(verb adnconc L031644a wait)} } wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] mireba_{(verb provisional L031712a see)} } { [ { [ ninkeu_{(noun )} ] atu_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-kimi_{(noun )}_{(L050267 great monarch)} ] ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} ari_{(verb infconc L030125a exist)} to_{(noun )} namo_{(L000518 [focus particle])} } [ kamu_{(L050005b noun god)}-nagara_{(L001001 suffix [adverbializer? pluralizer?])} ] sira_{(verb stem )}-si_{(L000009 respect infinitive auxiliary [respect])}-myesu_{(verb adnconc L031751a see [respect])} } } . »

10. « { [ sore_{(noun )} ] [ ninkeu_{(noun )} pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] { [ pyakugyau_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} moto_{(noun )} ] nari_{(verb infconc )} } } . »

11. « { { [ somo_{(noun )}somo_{(noun )} ] { [ { [ pyaku_{(noun )}soku_{(noun )} no_{(noun )} musi_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} ] { [ { sinuru_{(verb adnominal L030883a die)} } ni_{(L000519 [dative case particle])} ] itarite_{(verb gerund L030170a arrive)} mo_{(L000514 [topic particle])} } kutu_{(verb stem L030635a rot)}-kapyera_{(verb stem L030518a return)}-nu_{(auxiliary neg L000006 adnominal )} } koto_{(noun )} pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] { [ tasuke_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] opo_{(adjective )}-mi_{(adjcop )} to_{(noun )} namo_{(L000518 [focus particle])} } } kikosi_{(verb stem L030565a hear)}-myesu_{(verb adnconc L031751a see [respect])} } } . »

12. « { { { [ moro_{(noun )}moro_{(noun )} ] { [ kaku_{(noun )} no_{(L031965adnominal copula)} sama_{(noun )} ] satorite_{(verb gerund )} } { [ { kiywo_{(adjective )}-ku_{(L000033 infinitive adjcop )} } { napo_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } kokoro_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] moti_{(verb infinitive L031761a hold)} } { [ ko_{(this noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-kimi_{(noun )}_{(L050267 great monarch)} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] tasuke_{(verb stem L031017a help)}-mitibikite_{(verb gerund L031694a lead way)} } [ ame_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} sita_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mi_{(noun )}takara_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] nade_{(verb stem L031285a pat)}-yasinapa_{(verb stem L031798a rear)}-simu_{(L000010 causative conclusive auxiliary [causative])} be_{(L000801 extension [necessitive])}-si_{(L000033 conclusive adjcop )} to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } } . »

13. « { { [ mata_{(noun )} ] nori_{(verb stem say )}-tamapaku_{(verb nominal L031077a give)} } { { [ kaku_{(noun )} no_{(noun )} toki_{(noun )} ] ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} ataritutu_{(verb continuative L030047a touch)} } { [ pito_{(noun )}bito_{(noun )} ] [ { yokara_{(verb stem )}-nu_{(auxiliary neg L000006 adnominal )} } pakari_{(noun )}koto_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] omopite_{(verb gerund L030399a think)} } [ { [ ame_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} sita_{(noun )} wo_{(noun )} mo_{(L000514 [topic particle])} ] midari_{(verb infinitive L031691a confuse)} } { [ ono_{(noun )} ga_{(L000503 [genitive case particle])} udi_{(noun )}kadwo_{(noun )} wo_{(noun )} mo_{(L000514 [topic particle])} ] porobosu_{(verb adnconc L031602a ruin)} } pito_{(noun )}-domo_{(L001002 suffix [pluralizer])} ] { mane_{(adjective )}-ku_{(adjcop infinitive L000033 )} } ari_{(verb infconc L030125a exist)} } } . »

14. « { { { { { [ { [ mosi_{(noun )} ] [ kaku_{(noun )} ] ara_{(verb stem L030125a exist)}-mu_{(L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural])} } pito_{(noun )} woba_{(L000536 [accusative case particle])} ] [ ono_{(noun )} ga_{(L000503 [genitive case particle])} ] { wosipe_{(verb stem L031944a teach)}-omobuke_{(verb infinitive L030401a face t)} } wosipe_{(verb stem L031944a teach)}-naposite_{(verb gerund L031301a fix)} } { { [ ono_{(noun )} mo_{(L000514 [topic particle])} ono_{(noun )} mo_{(L000514 [topic particle])} ono_{(noun )} ga_{(L000503 [genitive case particle])} oya_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} kadwo_{(noun )} ] porobosa_{(verb stem L031602a ruin)}-zu_{(L000006 neg infconc auxiliary )} } { [ iya_{(noun )} ] [ taka_{(noun )} ] ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} } tukape_{(verb stem L031119a serve)}-maturi_{(L031649a infinitive verb serve)} tuga_{(verb stem L031139a pass on)}-mu_{(L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural])} to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } omopi_{(verb stem L030399a think)}-tutusimite_{(verb gerund L031154a heed)} } { [ { kiywo_{(adjective )}-ku_{(L000033 infinitive adjcop )} } { napo_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } kokoro_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] motite_{(verb gerund L031761a hold)} } tukape_{(verb stem L031119a serve)}-maturu_{(verb adnconc L031644a wait)} be_{(L000801 extension [necessitive])}-si_{(L000033 conclusive adjcop )} to_{(noun )} namo_{(L000518 [focus particle])} } omoposi_{(verb stem L030402a think [respect])}-myesu_{(verb adnconc L031751a see [respect])} } } . »

15. « { { { [ { { [ ame_{(noun )} ] [ { { taka_{(adjective )}-kyedomo_{(L000033 concessive adjcop )} } [ { pikiki_{(verb infinitive )} } ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} ] kiku_{(verb adnconc L030565a hear)} } mono_{(noun )} so_{(noun )} ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } sumyera_{(noun )} ga_{(L000503 [genitive case particle])} opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mikoto_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] [ moro_{(noun )}moro_{(noun )} ] kiki_{(verb stem L030565a hear)}-tamapeyo_{(verb imperative L031077a give)} to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } } . »

English translation by Millichip:
I proclaim, imperial children, lords, statesmen, officials and people of the realm, hear the edict I proclaim as the words of the emperor.I proclaim: “Many years have passed since I became the heavenly heir, of poor ability and lacking. However, I have been unable to rule the realm, often lacking in good governance. Not only this but I have also suffered with ailments from the wind from the start and my body is not rested. Also, my years have become so many and my remaining life not so much. Now I think I shall leave the throne and rest my body for a while. So with this I bestow the governance of the realm to the imperial child Yamabe, who is designated the imperial heir. I have heard it said by ancient people that it is the parent who knows the child. Seeing the Lord obey me morning and evening from when he was young until now, never becoming idle, I know that he is a Lord of benevolent piety. Benevolent piety is the origin of all governance. Generally, I hear that the reason why the hundred-legged bug does not fall on its back even at its death is because it has much aid. So, you should all understand this and, with a pure and honest heart, assist and lead the lord and allow him to care for and nurture the people of the realm.”I proclaim, all of you hear the imperial edict which also proclaims: “In such times, people think of evil schemes and there are many people who destroy both the realm and their own households. Thinking and being prepared if such a person teaches and puts themselves right and rectifies themselves, that person will not destroy their parent’s home but diligently serve and inherit the house, I think one should serve with a clear and correct heart. Though heaven is high, it hears the low ground.”