SM.6

Senmyō 6. Tenpyō 1 8th Month (729), Emperor Shōmu text tree

1. 現神御宇倭根子天皇詔旨勅命乎親王等諸王等諸臣等百官人等天下公民衆聞宣。

2. 高天原由天降坐之天皇御世始而許能天官御座坐而天地八方治賜調賜事者聖君止坐而賢臣供奉天下平久百官安久為而之天地大瑞者顕来止奈母随神所念行佐久止詔命乎衆聞宣。

3. 如是詔者大命坐皇朕御世当而者皇止坐朕母聞持流事乏久見持留行少美朕臣為供奉人等母一二乎漏落事母在牟加止辱美愧美所思坐而我皇太上天皇大前尓恐古士物進退匍匐廻保理白賜比受被賜久者卿等乃問来政乎者加久耶答賜加久耶答賜止白賜官尓耶治賜止白賜倍婆教賜於毛夫気賜答賜宣賜随尓此乃食国天下之政乎行賜敷賜乍供奉賜間尓京職大夫従三位藤原朝臣麻呂等伊負図亀一頭献止奏賜不尓所聞行驚賜恠賜所見行歓賜嘉賜氐所思行久者于都斯久母皇朕政乃所致物尓在米耶。

4. 此者太上天皇厚支広支徳乎蒙而高支貴支行尓依而顕来　大瑞物曽止詔命乎衆聞宣。

5. 辞別詔久此大瑞物者天坐神地坐神乃相宇豆奈比奉福奉事尓依而顕奉流貴瑞以而御世年号改賜換賜。

6. 是以　改神亀六年為天平元年而大赦天下百官主典已上人等冠位一階上賜事乎始一二乃慶命恵賜行賜止詔天皇命乎衆聞食宣。

1. « { { [ { [ { { [ aki_{(noun )} tu_{(L000532 [genitive case particle])} mi_{(prefix )}-kamwi_{(noun )} ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } [ ame_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} sita_{(noun )} ] sira_{(verb stem )}-si_{(L000009 respect infinitive auxiliary [respect])}-myesu_{(verb adnconc L031751a see [respect])} } yamato_{(noun )} ne_{(noun )}kwo_{(noun )} sumyera_{(noun )} ga_{(L000503 [genitive case particle])} ] { [ opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mikoto_{(noun )}rama_{(noun )} ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mikoto_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] [ mi_{(prefix )}-kwo_{(noun )}-tati_{(L001004 suffix [pluralizer])} opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-kimi_{(noun )}-tati_{(L001004 suffix [pluralizer])} omi_{(noun )}-tati_{(L001004 suffix [pluralizer])} tukasa_{(noun )}dukasa_{(noun )} no_{(noun )} pito_{(noun )}-domo_{(L001002 suffix [pluralizer])} ame_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} sita_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mi_{(noun )}takara_{(noun )} moro_{(noun )}moro_{(noun )} ] kiki_{(verb stem L030565a hear)}-tamapeyo_{(verb imperative L031077a give)} to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } . »

2. « { { [ { { [ { { [ { { [ { [ takama_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} para_{(noun )} yu_{(L000540 [ablative case particle])} ] amori_{(verb stem L030104a descend from heaven)}-masi_{(verb stem )}-si_{(auxiliary adnominal simplePast L000015 [simple past])} } sumyera_{(noun )} ga_{(L000503 [genitive case particle])} mi_{(prefix )}-yo_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] pazimete_{(verb gerund L031416a begin t)} } { [ ko_{(this noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} taka_{(noun )}mi_{(noun )}kura_{(noun )} ni_{(L000519 [dative case particle])} ] imasite_{(verb gerund L030208a abstain)} } [ ame_{(noun )}tuti_{(noun )}_{(L050719 heaven and earth)} ya_{(L002008 numeral native eight)}-mo_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] { wosame_{(verb stem L031943a settle t)}-tamapi_{(L031077a infinitive verb give)} } totonope_{(verb stem L031211a arrange)}-tamapu_{(L031077a adnconc verb give)} } koto_{(noun )} pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] [ { { { [ piziri_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} kimi_{(noun )} ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} imasite_{(verb gerund L030208a abstain)} } { [ { sakasi_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } omi_{(noun )} ] tukape_{(verb stem L031119a serve)}-maturi_{(L031649a infinitive verb serve)} } { [ ame_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} sita_{(noun )} ] tapirake_{(adjective )}-ku_{(L000033 infinitive adjcop )} } [ tukasa_{(noun )}dukasa_{(noun )} ] yasu_{(adjective )}-ku_{(L000033 infinitive adjcop )} site_{(verb gerund L030919a do)} si_{(L000526a [restrictive particle])} } [ [ ame_{(noun )}tuti_{(noun )}_{(L050719 heaven and earth)} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} ] { opo_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } sirusi_{(noun )} pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] arapare_{(adjective )}-ku_{(L000033 infinitive adjcop )} } ] to_{(noun )} namo_{(L000518 [focus particle])} } { kamu_{(L050005b noun god)}-nagara_{(L001001 suffix [adverbializer? pluralizer?])} } omoposi_{(verb stem L030402a think [respect])}-myesaku_{(verb nominal L031751a see [respect])} } ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mikoto_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] [ moro_{(noun )}moro_{(noun )} ] kiki_{(verb stem L030565a hear)}-tamapeyo_{(verb imperative L031077a give)} to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } . »

3. « { [ { { [ { { [ { { [ { { { [ { [ { { [ { [ kaku_{(noun )} ] noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] { { { [ opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mikoto_{(noun )} ] ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} imase_{(verb infinitive L030207a cause to be)} } [ sumyera_{(noun )} wa_{(noun )} ga_{(L000503 [genitive case particle])} mi_{(prefix )}-yo_{(noun )} ni_{(L000519 [dative case particle])} ] atarite_{(verb gerund L030047a touch)} pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} } { { [ { [ sumyera_{(noun )} ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} imasu_{(verb adnconc L030206a be)} } ware_{(noun )} mo_{(L000514 [topic particle])} ] { [ { kiki_{(verb stem L030565a hear)}-mot_{(verb stem L031761a hold)}-aru_{(verb adnominal L030125a exist)} } koto_{(noun )} ] tomosi_{(adjective )}-ku_{(L000033 infinitive adjcop )} } { [ { mi_{(verb stem L031712a see)}-mot_{(verb stem L031761a hold)}-aru_{(verb adnominal L030125a exist)} } okonapi_{(noun )} ] sukuna_{(adjective )}-mi_{(adjcop )} } } [ { [ { { [ wa_{(noun )} ga_{(L000503 [genitive case particle])} omi_{(noun )} ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} site_{(verb gerund L030919a do)} } tukape_{(verb stem L031119a serve)}-maturu_{(verb adnconc L031644a wait)} } pito_{(noun )}-tati_{(L001004 suffix [pluralizer])} mo_{(L000514 [topic particle])} ] { [ pito_{(L002001 numeral native one)}-tu_{(L002015 counter counter for things)} puta_{(L002002 numeral native two)}-tu_{(L002015 counter counter for things)} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] mora_{(verb stem )}-si_{(auxiliary adnominal simplePast L000015 [simple past])} otosu_{(verb adnconc L030358a drop t)} } } koto_{(noun )} mo_{(L000514 [topic particle])} ] { ara_{(verb stem L030125a exist)}-mu_{(L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural])} ka_{( )} to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } } { katazikena_{(adjective )}-mi_{(adjcop )} } { paduzukasi_{(adjective )}-mi_{(adjcop )} } omoposi_{(verb stem L030402a think [respect])}-masite_{(verb gerund )} } } [ wa_{(noun )} ga_{(L000503 [genitive case particle])} opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-kimi_{(noun )}_{(L050267 great monarch)} { opo_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } sumyera_{(noun )}mikoto_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mapye_{(noun )} ni_{(L000519 [dative case particle])} ] [ kasikwo_{(noun )} zimono_{(noun )} ] { sizimapi_{(verb stem L030860a shrink i)}-papi_{(verb stem L031434a stretch i)}-motopori_{(verb stem L031761a hold)}-mawosi_{(L000003 optative stem auxiliary )}-tamapi_{(L031077a infinitive verb give)} } uke_{(verb stem )}-tamaparaku_{(verb nominal L031076a receive [hum])} } pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] { { { [ { [ mapye_{(noun )} tu_{(L000532 [genitive case particle])} kimi_{(noun )}-tati_{(L001004 suffix [pluralizer])} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} ] twopi_{(verb stem L031226a ask)}-ko_{(verb stem L030612a come)}-mu_{(L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural])} } maturi_{(noun )}goto_{(noun )} woba_{(L000536 [accusative case particle])} ] { [ kaku_{(noun )} ya_{(noun )} ] kotape_{(verb stem L030711a reply)}-tamapa_{(L031077a stem verb give)}-mu_{(L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural])} } { [ kaku_{(noun )} ya_{(noun )} ] kotape_{(verb stem L030711a reply)}-tamapa_{(L031077a stem verb give)}-mu_{(L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural])} } to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } { { [ { mawosi_{(verb stem L031678a speak [hum])}-tamapu_{(L031077a adnconc verb give)} } tukasa_{(noun )} ] ni_{( )} ya_{( )} } wosame_{(verb stem L031943a settle t)}-tamapa_{(L031077a stem verb give)}-mu_{(L000002 conjectural adnconc auxiliary [conjectural])} } to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } mawosi_{(verb stem L031678a speak [hum])}-tamapeba_{(verb provisional L031079a receive [hum])} } { wosipe_{(verb stem L031944a teach)}-tamapi_{(L031077a infinitive verb give)} } { omobuke_{(verb stem L030401a face t)}-tamapi_{(L031077a infinitive verb give)} kotape_{(verb stem L030711a reply)}-tamapi_{(L031077a infinitive verb give)} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } manima_{(L004001 noun way)} ] ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} } [ ko_{(this noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} wosu_{(noun )}kuni_{(noun )} ame_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} sita_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} maturi_{(noun )}goto_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] { okonapi_{(verb stem L030336a handle)}-tamapi_{(L031077a infinitive verb give)} } siki_{(verb stem )}-tamapitutu_{(verb continuative L031077a give)} } tukape_{(verb stem L031119a serve)}-maturi_{(L031649a stem verb serve)}-tamapu_{(L031077a adnconc verb give)} } apida_{(noun )} ] ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} } [ mi_{(prefix )}-satwo_{(noun )}dukasa_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} kami_{(noun )} { piro_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } mi_{(numeral )}-tu_{(noun )} no_{(noun )} kurawi_{(noun )} pudipara_{(noun )} no_{(noun )} asomi_{(noun )} marora_{(noun )} i_{(L000505 [nominative case particle])} ] [ { pumi_{(verb stem L031553a tread)}-op_{(verb stem )}-yeru_{(L000024 stative adnominal auxiliary [stative])} } kame_{(noun )} pito_{(L002001 numeral native one)}-tu_{(L002015 counter counter for things)} ] tatematuraku_{(verb nominal L031049a offer)} } ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } mawosi_{(verb stem L031678a speak [hum])}-tamapu_{(L031077a adnconc verb give)} } ] ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} } { kikosi_{(verb stem L030565a hear)}-myesi_{(verb infinitive L031751a see [respect])} } { odoroki_{(verb stem L030361a be surprised)}-tamapi_{(L031077a infinitive verb give)} } { ayasibwi_{(verb stem L030105a doubt)}-tamapi_{(L031077a infinitive verb give)} } { misonapasi_{(verb stem L031686a see [respect])}-yorokobwi_{(verb stem L031890a rejoice)}-tamapi_{(L031077a infinitive verb give)} } { mede_{(verb stem L031752a love)}-tamapite_{(verb gerund L031077a give)} } omoposi_{(verb stem L030402a think [respect])}-myesaku_{(verb nominal L031751a see [respect])} } pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] { { utusi_{(adjective )}-ku_{(adjcop infinitive L000033 )} mo_{( )} } [ { [ sumyera_{(noun )} wa_{(noun )} ga_{(L000503 [genitive case particle])} maturi_{(noun )}goto_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} ] itas_{(verb stem L030163a make move)}-eru_{(L000024 stative adnominal auxiliary [stative])} } mono_{(noun )} ] ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} ara_{(verb stem L030125a exist)}-me_{(L000002 conjectural exclamatory auxiliary [conjectural])} ya_{( )} } } . »

4. « { { [ { { [ ko_{(this noun )} pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] [ { { [ [ { opo_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } sumyera_{(noun )}mikoto_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} ] { atu_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } { piro_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } utukusubwi_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] kagapurite_{(verb gerund L030423a cover head)} } { [ { taka_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } { taputwo_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } okonapi_{(noun )} ] ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} yorite_{(verb gerund )} } arapare_{(verb stem L030121a become clear)}-kyeru_{(L000016 modalPast adnominal auxiliary [modal past])} } { opo_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } sirusi_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} mono_{(noun )} so_{(noun )} ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mikoto_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] [ moro_{(noun )}moro_{(noun )} ] kiki_{(verb stem L030565a hear)}-tamapeyo_{(verb imperative L031077a give)} to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } . »

5. « { { [ koto_{(noun )} ] wakite_{(verb gerund )} } nori_{(verb stem say )}-tamapaku_{(verb nominal L031077a give)} } { { [ { [ ko_{(this noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} { opo_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } sirusi_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} mono_{(noun )} pa_{(L000522 [topic particle])} ] { [ { { [ { [ [ { [ ame_{(noun )} ni_{(L000519 [dative case particle])} ] masu_{(verb adnconc L030206a be)} } kamwi_{(noun )} ] [ { [ kuni_{(noun )} ni_{(L000519 [dative case particle])} ] masu_{(verb adnconc L030206a be)} } kamwi_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} ] ] { api_{(L000025 reciprocal prefix [reciprocal])}-udunapi_{(verb stem L030272a prize)}-maturi_{(L031649a infinitive verb serve)} } sakipape_{(verb stem L030777a cause good fortune)}-maturu_{(verb adnconc L031644a wait)} } koto_{(noun )} ] ni_{(L031965infinitive copula)} yorite_{(verb gerund )} } arapasi_{(verb stem L030120a make clear)}-matur_{(L031649a stem verb serve)}-eru_{(L000024 stative adnominal auxiliary [stative])} } { taputwo_{(adjective )}-ki_{(adjcop adnominal L000033 )} } sirusi_{(noun )} ] naru_{(L031966adnominal )} } } wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] motite_{(verb gerund L031761a hold)} } [ mi_{(prefix )}-yo_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} na_{(noun )} ] { aratame_{(verb stem L030118a improve t)}-tamapi_{(L031077a infinitive verb give)} } kape_{(verb stem shift )}-tamapu_{(verb adnconc )} } . »

6. « { { [ koko_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] motite_{(verb gerund L031761a hold)} } { [ { { { { [ { { [ zinki_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} mu_{(L002006 numeral native six)}-tose_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] { aratamete_{(verb gerund L030118a improve t)} } [ tempiyau_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} pazime_{(noun )} no_{(noun )} tosi_{(noun )} ] to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} site_{(verb gerund L030919a do)} } { [ ame_{(noun )} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} sita_{(noun )} ] { { piro_{(adjective )}-ku_{(L000033 infinitive adjcop )} } [ tumi_{(noun )} ] yurusi_{(verb stem L031857a slacken)}-tamapi_{(L031077a infinitive verb give)} } } [ tukasa_{(noun )}dukasa_{(noun )} no_{(noun )} sakwan_{(noun )} ywori_{(L000540 [ablative case particle])} kami_{(noun )}tukata_{(noun )} no_{(noun )} pito_{(noun )}-domo_{(L001002 suffix [pluralizer])} ] { [ kagapuri_{(noun )}kurawi_{(noun )} pito_{(noun )}sina_{(noun )} ] age_{(verb stem L030023a give)}-tamapu_{(L031077a adnconc verb give)} } } koto_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] pazime_{(verb infinitive L031416a begin t)} } [ pito_{(L002001 numeral native one)}-tu_{(L002015 counter counter for things)} puta_{(L002002 numeral native two)}-tu_{(L002015 counter counter for things)} no_{(L000520 [genitive case particle])} yorokobwi_{(noun )} no_{(noun )} opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mikoto_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] utukusibwi_{(verb stem L030269a get empty)}-tamapi_{(L031077a infinitive verb give)} } okonapi_{(verb stem L030336a handle)}-tamapu_{(L031077a adnconc verb give)} to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } sumyera_{(noun )} ga_{(L000503 [genitive case particle])} opo_{(L000038 hon prefix big)}-mikoto_{(noun )} wo_{(L000534 [accusative case particle])} ] [ moro_{(noun )}moro_{(noun )} ] kiki_{(verb stem L030565a hear)}-tamapeyo_{(verb imperative L031077a give)} to_{(L000530 [complementizer])} } noritamapu_{(verb adnconc L032093a proclaim)} } . »

7. «»

English translation by Millichip:
I proclaim, Imperial children, Lords, nobles, officials and people of the world, hear the edict I proclaim as the words of the Emperor, the Yamato ruler, who rules the realm as a living God.I proclaim, all of you hear the edict that says: “In ruling and ordering all of heaven and earth in this high throne, starting with the reign of the Emperor who descended from the high plain, only when wise statesmen serve, the realm is peaceful and the officials are calm, with a wise Emperor, do great signs of heaven and earth appear.”I proclaim thus in an edict because I feel troubled and embarrassed, thinking that in my Imperial reign I, the emperor, have understood little and have carried out little governance and those who serve as my nobles may have also been negligent once or twice. I have crawled back and forth and spoken before my Lady, the abdicated Empress, and I have ruled and disseminated governances of my realm according to how she taught and lead me in response to my asking ‘Shall I respond this way or that regarding the governances about which my Ministers inquire?’ and asking how to reward officials. While I was doing so I heard that the official of the capital of the third rank, Fujiwara-no-Asomi Maro, and others offered up a turtle bearing writing. I was surprised and puzzled by this and I saw it, rejoiced in it and applauded it and I thought, ‘Surely something this beautiful has not come due to my governance. This great sign as appeared due to the great and precious governance and due to me receiving benevolent and broad blessings from the abdicated Empress.’I proclaim, all of you hear the Imperial edict that also says: “I change the reign name with this great sign that is a precious sign that has appeared due to the gods of heaven and earth approving and bringing it into existence. So, I change the sixth year of Jinki to the first year of Tenpyō and pardon all crimes in the realm, and I carry out and bless you with one or two joyous edicts, starting by raising the cap and rank of those clerk officials and above by one.”