Senmyō 7. Tenpyō 1 8th Month (729), Emperor Shōmu text tree

1. 天皇大命良麻止親王等又汝王臣等語賜幣止皇朕高御座坐初由利今年麻氐六年

2. 此嗣坐倍伎皇太子侍

3. 由是其婆婆藤原夫人皇后定賜。

4. 加久定賜者 皇朕御身年月積

5. 天下君坐而年緒長皇后不坐事豆乃善有良努在。

6. 又於天下政置而独知倍伎物不有。

7. 必斯理幣能政有倍之

8. 此者事立不有。

9. 天日月在如地山川有如並坐而可有言事者汝等王臣等明見所知在。

10. 然此位遅定米豆良久波刀比尓母夜気授乎波一日二日十日廿日試定止斯伊波婆許貴太斯意保天下乎夜多夜須無止所念坐而此六年択賜試賜而今日今時眼当衆喚賜而細事状語賜布止詔勅聞宣。

11. 賀久詔者挂畏於此宮坐現神大八洲国所知倭根子天皇我王祖天皇皇后朕賜日豆良久波婆夜我加久云。

12. 其父侍大臣皇我朝助奉輔奉供奉夜半暁時休息無明心波波刀比供奉所見賜者其人宇武何志伎事欸事送不得忘。

13. 我児我王過无罪無有者捨麻須奈麻須奈止負賜宣賜大命依而加加久六年試賜使賜此皇后位 授賜。

14. 然朕時乃未尓波不有。

15. 難波高津宮御宇大鷦鷯天皇葛城曽豆比古女子伊波乃比売命皇后御相坐而食国天下之政治賜行賜家利

16. 今米豆良可政者不有本由理行来迹事曽止詔勅聞宣。

1. « { { [ sumyera (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ] { [ opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) rama (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } [ mi (prefix ) -kwo (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) mata (noun ) imasi (noun ) opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -kimi (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) omi (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] katarapi (stem L030489a verb swap stories) -tamapye (imperative L031077a verb give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } nori (stem say verb ) -tamapaku (nominal L031077a verb give) } { [ { [ sumyera (noun ) ware (noun ) ] { [ taka (noun ) mi (noun ) kura (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] imasi (infinitive L030208a verb abstain) } some (stem verb ) -si (simplePast adnominal L000015 auxiliary [simple past]) } yuri (L000540 [ablative case particle]) ] [ { [ kotosi (L050690 noun this year) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] itaru (adnconc L030170a verb arrive) } made (L000512 [restrictive particle]) ] [ mu (L002006 numeral native six) -tose (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] nari (stem verb ) -nu (perf conclusive auxiliary ) } . »

2. « { { [ ko (this noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) apida (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } { [ { [ ama (noun ) tu (L000532 [genitive case particle]) kurawi (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] tugi (stem L031139a verb pass on) -masu (adnconc L030206a verb be) be (L000801 extension [necessitive]) -ki (adnominal L000033 adjcop ) } tugite (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) site (gerund L030919a verb do) } [ pi (noun ) tugi (noun ) no (noun ) mi (prefix ) -kwo (noun ) ] paberi (stem L031443a verb be [hum]) -tu (perf conclusive L000023 auxiliary [perfective]) } »

3. « { { [ kore (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] yorite (gerund verb ) } [ { { [ so (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) papa (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } ara (stem L030125a verb exist) -su (respect adnconc auxiliary ) } pudipara (noun ) no (noun ) opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -tozi (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] { [ opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -kisaki (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } sadame (stem L030812a verb decide) -tamapu (adnconc verb ) } . »

4. « { [ { [ kaku (noun ) ] sadame (stem L030812a verb decide) -tamapu (adnconc L031077a verb give) } pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { [ sumyera (noun ) wa (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) mi (prefix ) -mwi (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] { [ tosi (noun ) tukwi (noun ) ] tumori (stem L031181a verb pile up) -nu (perf conclusive auxiliary ) } } } . »

5. « { [ { { { [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) kimi (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } imasite (gerund L030208a verb abstain) } { [ tosi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) wo (noun ) ] naga (adjective ) -ku (infinitive L000033 adjcop ) } [ opo (noun ) kisaki (noun ) ] imasa (stem L030208a verb abstain) -nu (neg adnominal L000006 auxiliary ) } koto (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] { [ pito (noun ) tu (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) { yok (stem verb ) -ara (stem L030125a verb exist) -nu (neg adnominal L000006 auxiliary ) } waza (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) ari (infconc L030125a verb exist) } } . »

6. « { [ mata (noun ) ] { { [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) maturi (noun ) goto (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) okite (gerund L030327a verb (dew) settles) } [ { [ pito (L002001 numeral native one) -ri (L002016 counter counter for people) ] siru (adnconc verb ) be (L000801 extension [necessitive]) -ki (adnominal L000033 adjcop ) } mono (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) ara (stem L030125a verb exist) -zu (neg infconc L000006a auxiliary [negative]) } } . »

7. « { [ kanarazu (noun ) mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] [ siripye (L050431 noun rear side) no (noun ) maturi (noun ) goto (noun ) ] aru (adnominal L030125a verb exist) be (L000801 extension [necessitive]) -si (conclusive L000033 adjcop ) } . »

8. « { [ ko (this noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { [ koto (noun ) datu (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) ara (stem L030125a verb exist) -zu (neg infconc L000006a auxiliary [negative]) } } . »

9. « { [ { { [ { [ ame (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] [ pi (noun ) tukwi (noun ) ] aru (adnominal L030125a verb exist) } goto (noun ) ] [ { [ tuti (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] [ yama (noun ) kapa (noun ) (L050226 mountain river) ] aru (adnominal L030125a verb exist) } goto (noun ) ] { narabi (stem L031314a verb be in line) -imasite (gerund L030206a verb be) } aru (adnominal L030125a verb exist) be (L000801 extension [necessitive]) -si (conclusive L000033 adjcop ) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } ipu (adnconc L030199a verb say) } koto (noun ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { [ imasi (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -kimi (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) omi (noun ) -tati (L001004 suffix [pluralizer]) ] { akirake (adjective ) -ku (infinitive L000033 adjcop ) } mi (stem L031712a verb see) -sira (stem verb ) -re (passive stem L000028 auxiliary [passive]) -tari (stative conclusive L000022 auxiliary [stative]) } } . »

10. « { { sikaredomo (concessive L030848a verb be so) } { [ { { { [ { [ ko (this noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) kurawi (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] { oso (adjective ) -ku (infinitive L000033 adjcop ) } sadame (stem L030812a verb decide) -turaku (perf nominal auxiliary ) } pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { { [ two (noun ) pito (noun ) (L050476 outsider) mani (noun ) mo (noun ) ] [ { [ ono (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) yake (noun ) ] sadukuru (adnominal L030814a verb throw) } pito (noun ) wo (noun ) pa (noun ) ] { { { [ pito (noun ) pi (noun ) (L050451 one day) puta (L002002 numeral native two) -ka (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } erabi (infinitive L030322a verb choose) } { [ towo (L002010 numeral native ten) -ka (L002017 counter counter for days) patu (noun ) ka (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } kokoro (L050037 noun heart) -mi (stem L031712a verb see) (L030705a try) -sadamu (conclusive L030812a verb decide) to ( ) si (L000526a [restrictive particle]) } ipaba (conditional L030199a verb say) } [ { kokwidasi (adjective ) -ki (adnominal L000033 adjcop ) } { opo (adjective ) -ki (adnominal L000033 adjcop ) } ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) koto (noun ) wo (noun ) ya (L000537 [focus particle]) ] { tayasu (adjective ) -ku (infinitive L000033 adjcop ) } okonapa (stem L030336a verb handle) -mu (conjectural adnconc L000002 auxiliary [conjectural]) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } omoposi (stem L030402a verb think [respect]) -masite (gerund verb ) } { [ ko (this noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) mu (L002006 numeral native six) -tose (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) uti (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] erabi (stem L030322a verb choose) -tamapi (infinitive L031077a verb give) } { kokoro (L050037 noun heart) -mi (stem L031712a verb see) (L030705a try) -tamapite (gerund L031077a verb give) } { [ kyepu (noun ) ima (noun ) ] [ ma (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) atari (noun ) moro (noun ) moro (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] myesi (stem L031751a verb see [respect]) -tamapite (gerund L031077a verb give) } [ tubusa (noun ) ni (L031965infinitive copula) ] [ koto (noun ) no (L031965adnominal copula) sama (noun ) ] katarapi (stem L030489a verb swap stories) -tamapu (adnconc L031077a verb give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (adnconc L032093a verb proclaim) } opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] kiki (stem L030565a verb hear) -tamapeyo (imperative L031077a verb give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (adnconc L032093a verb proclaim) } . »

11. « { [ { [ kaku (noun ) ] noritamapu (adnconc L032093a verb proclaim) } pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ] { { { [ { [ { { [ { [ { kake (stem verb ) -maku (conjectural nominal auxiliary ) } mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] kasikwo (adjective ) -ki (adnominal L000033 adjcop ) } ko (this noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) miya (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] masite (gerund verb ) } { [ aki (noun ) tu (L000532 [genitive case particle]) mi (prefix ) -kamwi (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } [ opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -ya (noun ) sima (noun ) guni (noun ) (L050348 noun multi-island country) ] sira (stem verb ) -si (respect infinitive L000009 auxiliary [respect]) -myesi (stem L031751a verb see [respect]) -si (simplePast adnominal L000015 auxiliary [simple past]) } yamato (noun ) ne (noun ) kwo (noun ) sumyera (noun ) mikoto (noun ) wa (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -kimi (noun ) (L050267 great monarch) mi (prefix ) -oya (noun ) sumyera (noun ) mikoto (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] { pazime (infinitive L031416a verb begin t) } [ ko (this noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -kisaki (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ ware (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] tamap (stem L031077a verb give) -yeru (stative adnominal L000024 auxiliary [stative]) } pi (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) } nori (stem say verb ) -tamapi (stem L031077a verb give) -turaku (perf nominal auxiliary ) } { { { [ womina (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } ipaba (conditional L030199a verb say) } pitosi (adjective ) -mi (adjcop ) ya ( ) } { [ wa (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) ] [ kaku (noun ) ] ipu (adnconc L030199a verb say) } } } . »

12. « { { [ { [ { { [ so (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) titi (L050641 noun father) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } paberu (adnominal L031443a verb be [hum]) } opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -mapye (noun ) tu (L000532 [genitive case particle]) kimi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] { [ sumyera (noun ) wa (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) mikadwo (L050749 noun honorable gate) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] { ananapi (stem L030065a verb help) -maturi (infinitive L031649a verb serve) } { tasuke (stem L031017a verb help) -maturite (gerund L031644a verb wait) } itadaki (stem L030165a verb carry on) -kasikwomi (infinitive L031712a verb see) tukape (stem L031119a verb serve) -maturitutu (continuative L031644a verb wait) } { [ { { [ ywo (noun ) naka (noun ) aka (noun ) toki (noun ) (L050659 dawn) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } yasumopu (adnconc L031799a verb get thin) } koto (noun ) ] na (adjective ) -ku (infinitive L000033 adjcop ) } { [ { kiywo (adjective ) -ki (adnominal L000033 adjcop ) } { aka (adjective ) -ki (adnominal L000033 adjcop ) } kokoro (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] motite (gerund L031761a verb hold) } [ papatwopi (noun ) ] tukape (stem L031119a verb serve) -maturu (adnconc L031644a verb wait) } wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] myesi (stem L031751a verb see [respect]) -tamapeba (provisional L031077a verb give) } [ [ so (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) pito (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) ] [ { umugasi (adjective ) -ki (adnominal L000033 adjcop ) } koto (noun ) ] [ { isosi (adjective ) -ki (adnominal L000033 adjcop ) } koto (noun ) ] wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] [ tupi (noun ) ni (L031965infinitive copula) ] e (potential L000027 prefix [potential]) -wasurezi (negConjectural L031906a verb forget) } . »

13. « { { [ { { { [ wa (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) kwo (noun ) wa (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -kimi (noun ) (L050267 great monarch) ] { { [ ayamati (noun ) ] na (adjective ) -ku (infinitive L000033 adjcop ) } { [ tumi (noun ) ] na (adjective ) -ku (infinitive L000033 adjcop ) araba (conditional L030125a verb exist) } } sutemasu (noun ) na (L000517 [prohibitive final particle]) wasuremasu (noun ) na (noun ) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } opose (stem L030379a verb make bear) -tamapi (infinitive L031077a verb give) } nori (stem say verb ) -tamapi (stem L031077a verb give) -si (simplePast adnominal L000015 auxiliary [simple past]) } opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) ] ni (L031965infinitive copula) yorite (gerund verb ) } { [ ka (noun ) ni (L031965infinitive copula) kaku (noun ) ni (noun ) ] { [ tosi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) mu (L002006 numeral native six) -tose (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] kokoro (L050037 noun heart) -mi (stem L031712a verb see) (L030705a try) -tamapi (infinitive L031077a verb give) } tukapi (stem L031118a verb use) -tamapite (gerund L031077a verb give) } [ ko (this noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -kisaki (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) kurawi (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] saduke (stem L030814a verb throw) -tamapu (adnconc verb ) } . »

14. « { [ { sikaru (adnominal L030848a verb be so) } mo (L000514 [topic particle]) ] { [ wa (noun ) ga (L000503 [genitive case particle]) toki (noun ) nomwi (noun ) ] ni ( ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ara (stem L030125a verb exist) -zu (neg infconc L000006a auxiliary [negative]) } } . »

15. « { [ { [ nanipa (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) taka (noun ) tu (noun ) miya (noun ) ni (L000519 [dative case particle]) ] [ ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) ] sira (stem verb ) -si (respect infinitive L000009 auxiliary [respect]) -myesi (stem L031751a verb see [respect]) -si (simplePast adnominal L000015 auxiliary [simple past]) } opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -sazaki (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sumyera (noun ) mikoto (noun ) ] { [ kadura (noun ) kwi (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sodubikwo (noun ) no (noun ) musumye (noun ) ipa (noun ) no (L031965adnominal copula) pimye (noun ) no (noun ) mikoto (L050752 noun honorable words) ] { [ opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -kisaki (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } mi (prefix ) -api (stem L030071a verb meet) -masite (gerund verb ) } [ wosu (noun ) kuni (noun ) ame (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) sita (noun ) no (L000520 [genitive case particle]) maturi (noun ) goto (noun ) ] { wosame (stem L031943a verb settle t) -tamapi (infinitive L031077a verb give) } okonapi (stem L030336a verb handle) -tamapi (stem L031077a verb give) -kyeri (modalPast conclusive L000016 auxiliary [modal past]) } . »

16. « { { [ { { { [ { [ ima (noun ) ] [ meduraka (noun ) ni (L031965infinitive copula) ] aratasi (adjective ) -ki (adnominal L000033 adjcop ) } maturi (noun ) goto (noun ) ] ni ( ) pa (L000522 [topic particle]) ara (stem L030125a verb exist) -zu (neg infconc L000006 auxiliary ) } [ { [ moto (noun ) yuri (L000540 [ablative case particle]) ] okonapi (stem L030336a verb handle) -ko (stem L030612a verb come) -si (simplePast adnominal L000015 auxiliary [simple past]) } atwo (noun ) goto (noun ) zo (noun ) ] to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (adnconc L032093a verb proclaim) } opo (hon L000038 prefix big) -mikoto (noun ) wo (L000534 [accusative case particle]) ] kiki (stem L030565a verb hear) -tamapeyo (imperative L031077a verb give) to (L000530 [complementizer]) } noritamapu (adnconc L032093a verb proclaim) } . »

 

English translation by Millichip:
I proclaim, hear the edict that says: “Tell this to the Imperial children and you the Lords and nobles as the words of the Emperor. Six years have passed since I, the Emperor, came to the throne until now. During this time you have served Imperial children of the line as those who shall inherit the throne. So, I make Fujiwara-no-Ōtoji, who is your mother, the consort. I do so because I grow old. It is a bad act for the Lord of the realm to not have a consort for a long time. Also, one person alone should not perform the governance of the realm. There should always be an advisor. This is not unusual. You Lords and nobles know well that they should be together like the sun and moon in the heaven or the mountains and rivers on the earth. However, I decide who to give this rank late because, like the people, I could surely not simply complete this great and most important task of the realm by choosing one or two people to inherit the house and decide after trying them for ten or twenty days. So I have chosen and tried over six years and today I call you all before me to tell you of this in detail.”I proclaim so because when this first started on the day my consort was decided, my Lord the Empress my mother, too awesome to mention, who ruled the eight-island realm as a living God from this palace, ordered me in an edict: ‘Surely not all women are equal. I tell you: The Minister, her father, advised and assisted my Imperial court and he served humbly in awe. Seeing him serving respectfully I will never forget his excellence and diligence. My child, my Lord: if she does not err or commit crimes then do not discard or forget her.’ With this edict I bestow the role of consort to her after trying and employing her for these six years. It is so not only for my time. The Ōsazaki Emperor, who ruled the realm from the high palace of Naniwa married Iwa-no-Hime, the daughter of Kazuragi-no-Sozubiko, and governed the realm. This is not a new governance brought in now but a continuation of that which has been carried out from the start.